SHEHLA NOOR; DR ABDUL RASHEED. Contemporary Forms of Espionage and Their Legal Rulings: An Analytical Study in Islamic Law: عصر حاضر میں جاسوسی کے جدید مظاہر و احکام: اسلامی قانون کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ. Al-Amīr Research Journal for Islamic Studies, [S. l.], v. 6, n. 04, p. 51–72, 2025. DOI: 10.67101/alamir.v6i04.265. Disponível em: https://alamir.com.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/265. Acesso em: 13 oct. 2026.