DR. HAFIZ RUVAIFA KHAN; HAFIZ ABDUL BASIT. Economic Sanctions as Tools of Exploitation: Western Coercion vs. the Qur’anic Jurisprudence of Muqāṭaʿah: معاشی پابندیاں بطور آلہِ استحصال: مغربی جبر بمقابلہ قرآنی فقہِ مقاطعہ. Al-Amīr Research Journal for Islamic Studies, [S. l.], v. 7, n. 03, p. 1–18, 2026. DOI: 10.67101/alamir.v7i03.359. Disponível em: https://alamir.com.pk/index.php/ojs/article/view/359. Acesso em: 12 oct. 2026.