Customary Practices Related to the Veneration of the Mushaf in the Indian Subcontinent: A Critical and Analytical Study in the Light of Shariah and Juristic Principles

برصغیر میں تعظیمِ مصحف سے متعلق رائج رسومات: شرعی و فقہی اصولوں کی روشنی میں تنقیدی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Abstract

The reverence and veneration of the Holy Qur’an constitute an essential aspect of Islamic teachings. However, various Muslim societies have developed certain customary practices as expressions of reverence for the Mushaf, the Shariah and juristic status of which requires careful academic examination. In the Indian Subcontinent, common practices include kissing the Muṣḥaf, touching it to the eyes or holding it against the chest, giving a specified amount of charity when it accidentally falls, keeping it in a protective cover or at an elevated place, and avoiding extending one’s feet or turning one’s back towards it. This study critically and comparatively examines these practices in the light of the Qur’an and Sunnah, the traditions of the early Muslim generations, the opinions of the four major schools of Islamic jurisprudence, relevant juristic principles, and customary practice (ʿurf). The findings demonstrate that the protection and reverence of the Mushaf constitute an established Shariah principle; nevertheless, every customary practice performed in the name of reverence cannot necessarily be regarded as Sunnah, recommended, obligatory, or religiously binding. Some practices fall within the scope of legitimate juristic disagreement or permissible customary expressions of respect, whereas others lack a sound Sharīʿah basis. Regarding the donation of grain equal to the weight of the Muṣḥaf when it accidentally falls as a prescribed expiation has no established basis in the authoritative sources examined in this study. Likewise, keeping the Muṣḥaf in a protective cover or at an appropriate elevated place is primarily intended to ensure its protection and dignity, while rulings concerning extending one’s feet or turning one’s back towards it are influenced by factors such as intention, customary perception, proximity, elevation, barriers, and necessity. The study concludes that a clear distinction must be maintained between established Sharīʿah etiquettes, recognized juristic interpretations, and culturally developed customs. Genuine reverence for the Qur’an is ultimately realized through the integration of its outward respect with its proper understanding, reflection, and practical adherence.